Journal of Bionic Engineering (2024) 21:674–693https://doi.org/10.1007/s42235-023-00471-6

An Overview of PRP?Delivering Scafolds for Bone and Cartilage Tissue Engineering Somayeh Baghersad1  · Behzad Bolandi2  · Rana Imani2  · Shabnam Afaghi2  · Samira Davoudinia2 

1 Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran 159163-4311, Iran 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran 159163-4311, Iran

AbstractTissue engineering is nowadays an emerging approach that aims to replace or regenerate diseased or damaged organs with engineered constructs. Considering the key role of growth factors (GFs) in the tissue regeneration process, these biomolecules are considered an important part of the tissue engineering process, so the presence of growth factors in engineered scafolds can accelerate tissue regeneration by infuencing the behavior of cells. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), as an autologous source of a variety of growth factors, is considered a therapeutic agent for the treatment of degenerative diseases. Regarding its ability to promote the healing process and tissue regeneration, PRP therapy has attracted great attention in bone and cartilage tissue engineering. Incorporating PRP and its derivatives into engineered scafolds not only bioactivates the scafold, but the scafold matrix also acts as a sustained and localized growth factor release system. In addition, the presence of a scafold can promote the bioactivity of GFs by providing an environment that facilitates their interaction, leading to enhanced efects compared to their free form. This review presents a brief overview of PRP's role in bone and cartilage tissue regeneration with the main focus on scafold-mediated PRP delivery. In addition, the classifcation of platelet-rich products, current extraction techniques, terminology, and scafold bioactivation methods are presented to provide a better understanding of the basics and the key aspects that may afect the efectiveness of therapy in bone and cartilage tissue engineering. 

Keywords Platelet-rich plasma · Growth factors delivery · Scafold · Bone · Cartilage