Journal of Bionic Engineering (2024) 21:1453–1464https://doi.org/10.1007/s42235-024-00508-4

Anisotropic Mechanical Response of Nacre to Heat Treatment Under Indentation: Effect of Structural Orientation

Simin Liang1 · Yingying Li1 · Hongmei Ji1 · Xiaowu Li1

1 Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China

Abstract

It is generally considered that heat treatments have a negative impact on the mechanical properties of nacre due to thermal decomposition of the organic matrix. However, the present work investigated the microindentation behavior on fresh and heat-treated nacres from two orthogonal directions, and the results demonstrate that both hardness value and damage tolerance can remain almost unchanged on the cross-section with the organic matrix degeneration, despite a signiffcant deterioration on the platelet surface. Theoretical analyses suggest that the anisotropic response of indentation behavior to heat treatment in nacre is primarily caused by its structural orientation. Speciffcally, compared with a single layer of irregular interplatelet interfaces in cross-sectional specimens, the multiple layers of parallel interlamellar interfaces in in-plane specimens exhibit a much greater ability to impede indenter-triggered destruction, and heat treatments would reduce the in-plane hardness but nearly have no effect on the cross-sectional hardness. Moreover, the deeper embedding of platelets in cross-sectional specimens enhances their resistance to interface cracking caused by organic matrix degradation at high temperatures, leading to a reduced sensitivity to damage. Therefore, the indentation behavior of nacre shows different tendencies in response to variations in the organic matrix state along normal and parallel directions.

Keywords Nacre · Structural orientation · Heat treatment · Indentation behavior · Organic matrix